{"id":284,"date":"2017-07-15T12:35:52","date_gmt":"2017-07-15T09:35:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/english-exams.org\/nocn\/?page_id=284"},"modified":"2023-07-21T13:42:58","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T10:42:58","slug":"reading-nocn-c2-proficiency","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/english-exams.org\/nocn\/reading-nocn-c2-proficiency\/","title":{"rendered":"C2 READING NOCN Proficiency"},"content":{"rendered":"

Reading<\/span> NOCN International ESOL\u00a0 Proficiency \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf C2
\n<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n


\n\u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Reading \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf<\/span><\/b> NOCN \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 Proficiency c2
\n<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n


\n\u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/span> NOCN<\/span> \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf<\/span> Reading<\/span> \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 4 \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n\u03a4\u03bf 1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 2\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd 10 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1.\u03a4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 3 & 4 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd 5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


\n\u039f \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2,
\n\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03bd.<\/span><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 Reading \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03bf NOCN Proficiency c2<\/span>
\n(\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Text 1<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Read the text below and answer the questions.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Gravitational waves: have US scientists heard echoes of the Big Bang?<\/strong><\/td>\n1<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Discovery of gravitational waves by the Bicep telescope at the South Pole could<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
give scientists insights into how the universe was born.<\/td>\n4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
There is intense speculation among cosmologists that a US team is on the verge of<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
confirming they have detected “primordial gravitational waves” \u2013 an echo of the Big<\/td>\n7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bang in which the universe have come into existence 14 billion years ago.<\/td>\n8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rumours has been rife in the physics community about an announcement due on<\/td>\n10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Monday from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. If there is<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
evidense for gravitational waves, it would be a landmark discovery that would<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
change the face of cosmology and particle physics.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gravitational waves are the last untested prediction of Albert Einstein’s General<\/td>\n15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Theory of Relativity. They are minuscule ripples in the fabric off the universe that<\/td>\n16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
carry energy across space, <\/a>somewhat similar to waves crossing an ocean.<\/td>\n17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Convincing evidence of their discovery would almost certainly lead to a Nobel<\/td>\n18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
prize. The discovery of gravitational waves from the Big Bang would offer scientists<\/td>\n19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
their first glimpse of how the universe was born. The signal is rumoured to have<\/td>\n20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
been found by a specialised telescope called Bicep (Background Imaging of<\/a><\/td>\n21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization) <\/a>at the South Pole. It scans the sky at microwave<\/td>\n22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
frequencies, where it picks up the fossil energy from the Big Bang.<\/td>\n23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n24<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
“If a detection has been made, it is extraordinarily exciting. This is the real big tick-<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
box that we have been waiting for. It will tell us something incredibly fundamental<\/td>\n26<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
about what was happening when the universe was 10-34<\/sup> (a decimal point followed<\/td>\n27<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
by 33 zeros and a one) seconds old,” said Prof Andrew Jaffe, a cosmologist from<\/a><\/td>\n28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Imperial College in\u00a0 London, <\/a>who works on another telescope involved in the<\/td>\n29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
search called Polarbear. But extracting that signal is fearsomely tricky. The<\/td>\n30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
microwaves that carry it must cross the whole universe before arriving at Earth.<\/td>\n31<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
During the journey, they are distorted by<\/td>\n__<\/td>\nclusters of galaxies.<\/td>\n32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n33<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Duncan Hanson of McGill University in Montreal, Canada, said the distortion must<\/td>\n34<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
be removed in a convincing way before anyone can claim to have made the<\/td>\n35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
detection. The prize for doing that, however, would be the pinnacle of a scientific<\/td>\n36<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
career. “The Nobel Prize would be for the detection of the primordial gravitational<\/td>\n37<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
waves.”<\/td>\n<\/td>\n38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf format \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf reading paper \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd NOCN\u00a0 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 Proficiency<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

“1. According to the text, which statement is true?<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

a. The US team has confirmed the existence of primordial gravitational waves.
\nb. The US team has discovered gravitational waves.
\nc. The US team expects to have found primordial gravitational waves.
\nd.The US team will get a Nobel Prize.<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

2. What is the Big Bang?<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

a. The explosion of the universe.
\nb. The implosion of the universe.
\nc. The birth of the universe.
\nd. The birth of our galaxy.<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

3. What are \u2018primordial gravitational waves\u2019?<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

a. Waves which started at the Big Bang.
\nb. Waves coming from stars.
\nc. Waves coming from other planets.
\nd. Small particles in space.<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

4. The text suggests that:<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

a. The detection of the waves will give a definite picture about how our universe started.
\nb. The detection of waves will prove Einstein\u2019s theory was right.
\nc. The detection of waves will prove how old the universe is.
\nd. The detection may not be accurate due to distortions in the universe.<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

5. Where is the telescope for detecting the waves in question located?<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

a. North Pole
\nb. Harvard-Smithsonian Center
\nc. South Pole
\nd. Montreal, Canada<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n


\n\"NOCN<\/a>\u0394\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf writing part \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 NOCN proficiency; \u0394\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2; \u03c8\u03ac\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac NOCN c2 writing samples \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd;<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u03a4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bf “Your Composition Proficiency Success” \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 20+1 \u03a30\u03a3 \u0395\u03a4\u039f\u0399\u039c\u0391 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf NOCN C2.<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03ad \u03c4\u03bf \u0395\u0394\u03a9<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Reading NOCN International ESOL\u00a0 Proficiency \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf C2 \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Reading \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf NOCN \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5 Proficiency c2 \u0397 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 NOCN \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Reading \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 4 \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf 1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 2\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd 10 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1.\u03a4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 3 & 4 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd 5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u039f \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":{"0":"post-284","1":"page","2":"type-page","3":"status-publish","5":"entry"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/english-exams.org\/nocn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/english-exams.org\/nocn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/english-exams.org\/nocn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/english-exams.org\/nocn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/english-exams.org\/nocn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=284"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/english-exams.org\/nocn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/284\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":568,"href":"https:\/\/english-exams.org\/nocn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/284\/revisions\/568"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/english-exams.org\/nocn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}